There has never been a time when mankind was not afraid of the consequences of its talent for innovation. This is especially the case for economists with a professional interest in the future of work. Karl Marx worried that “machinery does not just act as a superior competitor to the worker, always on the point of making him superfluous. It is the most powerful weapon for suppressing strikes.” John Maynard Keynes warned in 1931 of widespread unemployment due to technology, but innovation has transformed our living standards.